Polymer comprising water-soluble units and LCST units, and aqueous composition comprising it

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a polymer comprising water soluble units and LCST units consisting of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide random copolymers, or one of its salts. The invention also concerns an aqueous composition in particular thickened, even gelled, comprising such a polymer or one of its salts and an aqueous phase.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser.No. 10/312,592 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,255), filed Aug. 11, 2003 whichis a National Stage of PCT/FR01/02094, filed Jun. 29, 2001. Thisapplication also claims priority to French patent application 00/09614filed Jul. 21, 2000, the entire contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel family of polymers and theirsalts, which may be used in cosmetic or pharmacological compositions,especially to modify their rheological properties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The thickeners usually used in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals to controlthe rheology of compositions, especially aqueous compositions, generallyundergo a reduction in viscosity when the temperature of the mediumincreases.

However, this behavior can present certain drawbacks, such as the changein the rheology of the composition as a function of changes intemperature (compositions which become fluid in summer and are moreviscous in winter).

Particular polymers whose solubility in water is modified above acertain temperature are known in the prior art. These are polymers witha heat-induced demixing temperature (or cloud point) thus defining theirregion of water solubility. The minimum demixing temperature obtained asa function of the polymer concentration is known as the “LCST” (LowerCritical Solution Temperature).

Some of these polymers are especially described in the articles byTaylor et al., Journal of Polymer Science, part A; Polymer Chemistry,1975, 13, 2551; by Bailey et al., Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1959, 1, 56; and by Heskins et al., Journal of Macromolecular Science,Chemistry A2, 1968, 1441.

According to the teaching of patent applications EP-A-0583814 andEP-A-0629649, certain polymers having a critical temperature of the LCSTtype are used as thermoreversible viscosity-promoting additives in themanufacture of fluids or lubricants used in numerous industrial sectors.

Moreover, it is known, especially from patent application WO-95/24430,to use such heat-sensitive and pH-sensitive polymers in cosmetics orpharmaceuticals. The polymers described in said patent application maybe of any chemical nature; in particular, they may be in the form ofgrafted copolymers comprising a pH-sensitive backbone withheat-sensitive grafts; or, conversely, in the form of a heat-sensitivebackbone bearing pH-sensitive grafts; or alternatively in the form ofblock copolymers formed from pH-sensitive units and heat-sensitiveunits.

The heat-sensitive grafts or blocks therefore possess an LCST-typetemperature as defined above. These blocks or grafts may be prepared bypolymerization of vinyl monomers or by polymerization of cyclic ethermonomers. In particular, these grafts or blocks may be in the form ofpoly(substituted N-alkyl)acrylamides or of block copolymers of ethyleneoxide and of propylene oxide.

However, the heat-induced gelling properties of these polymers lead toopaque gels, as is pointed out in the description of said patentapplication. Now, this opacification of the aqueous solutions may be anunacceptable drawback for uses in cosmetics.

This is likewise the case with respect to patent applicationWO-97/00275, which describes in many cosmetic applications the use ofpolymers with heat-sensitive units, that are only in the form of blockcopolymers of ethylene oxide and of propylene oxide. Moreover, in saidpatent application, it is not easy to control the structure and thechemical nature of the synthesized polymers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of theprior art and to propose a novel family of polymers for controlling therheology of aqueous compositions as a function of the temperature, whileat the same time maintaining a certain level of transparency for thecompositions.

Moreover, the chemical structure of this novel family of polymers makesit possible firstly to prepare them on demand, irrespective of thenature of the polymer backbone and/or of the grafts, and/or theirrespective amount and/or the desired structure (for example linear orbranched); this especially makes it possible to adapt the desiredproperties, as a function of the intended applications.

One subject of the present invention is a polymer comprisingwater-soluble units bearing at least two reactive sites, and unitshaving a temperature of LCST type bearing at least one reactive site,capable of reacting with the reactive sites borne by the water-solubleunit, so as to form a covalent bond, said units with an LCST consistingof random copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, having anethylene oxide number between 0 and 40 inclusive and a propylene oxidenumber between 15 and 60 inclusive, and the salts of this polymer.

Another subject of the invention is a thickened, or even gelled, aqueouscomposition comprising at least one polymer as defined above or one ofits salts, and an aqueous phase.

DETAILED DESCRPTION OF THE INVENTION

The salts of the polymers according to the invention may be of any type,organic or inorganic, for example sodium, magnesium, ammonium ortriethanolamine salts.

Water-soluble polymers are thus obtained, especially having a solubilityin water, at 20° C., of at least 10 g/l and preferably of at least 20g/l. These water-soluble polymers make it possible to control therheology of aqueous compositions as a function of the temperature, whileat the same time maintaining the transparency of said compositions.

Moreover, it is possible to adjust as desired the relevant temperaturerange to the intended cosmetic application, by appropriately selectingthe chemical nature of the water-soluble units, of the units with anLCST, and also the respective amounts thereof.

The polymers according to the present invention may be block polymers orgrafted polymers, which comprise, on the one hand, water-soluble units,and on the other hand, units having a temperature of LCST type asdefined below.

The polymers used in the context of the invention may thus be blockpolymers comprising, for example, water-soluble blocks alternating withblocks with an LCST.

These polymers may also be in the form of grafted polymers whosebackbone is formed from water-soluble units, bearing grafts with anLCST. This structure may be partially crosslinked.

The expression “water-soluble units” means units that are soluble inwater, at 20° C., to a proportion of at least 10 g/l and preferably ofat least 20 g/l.

However, water-soluble units that may also be used include units notnecessarily having the solubility mentioned above, but which, insolution at 1% by weight in water at 20° C., allow the production of asolution that is macroscopically homogeneous and transparent, that is tosay having a maximum light transmittance value, irrespective of thewavelength of between 400 and 800 nm, through a sample 1 cm thick, of atleast 80% and preferably of at least 85%.

The water-soluble units may be in the form of blocks within a blockpolymer, or may constitute the backbone of a grafted polymer.

These water-soluble units do not have a heat-induced demixingtemperature of LCST type.

These water-soluble units may be obtained by free-radical polymerizationof vinyl monomers, or by polycondensation, or alternatively may consistof existing natural polymers or modified natural polymers.

In all cases, the water-soluble units used bear at least two reactivesites.

Examples which may be mentioned include the monomers A listed below,which may be used to form said water-soluble units, alone or as amixture as they are or in the form of organic or inorganic salts, forexample, in the form of sodium, magnesium, ammonium or triethanolaminesalts:

-   -   (meth)acrylic acid,    -   vinyl monomers of formula (IIa) below:

in which:

-   -   R is chosen from H, —CH₃, —C₂H₅ or —C₃H₇;    -   X is chosen from:        -   alkyl oxides of —OR′ type in which R′ is a linear or            branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical            containing from 1 to 8 carbons, substituted with at least            one hydroxyl (—OH); primary amine (—NH₂); secondary amine            (—NHR₁) or tertiary amine (—NR₁R₂) group, with R₁ and R₂,            independently of each other, representing a linear or            branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical            containing 1 to 25 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the            sum of the carbon atoms of R₁+R₂ does not exceed 26; a            halogen atom (iodine, bromine, chlorine or fluorine);        -   groups —NH₂, —NHR′ and —NR′R″ in which R′ and R″ are,            independently of each other, linear or branched, saturated            or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radicals containing 1 to 25            carbon atoms, with the proviso that the total number of            carbon atoms of R′+R″ does not exceed 26, said R′ and R″            optionally being substituted with a hydroxyl (—OH); sulfonic            (—SO₃); sulfate (—SO₄); phosphate (—PO₄H₂); primary amine            (—NH₂); secondary amine (—NHR₁), tertiary amine (—NR₁R₂)            and/or quaternary amine (—N⁺R₁R₂R₃) group, with R₁, R₂ and            R₃ being, independently of each other, a linear or branched,            saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical            containing 1 to 25 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the            sum of the carbon atoms of R₁+R₂ does not exceed 26, and            that the sum of the carbon atoms of R₁+R₂+R₃ does not exceed            27;    -   maleic anhydride;    -   itaconic acid;    -   vinyl alcohol of formula CH₂═CHOH;    -   vinyl acetate of formula CH₂═CH—OCOCH₃.

In addition to the monomers A mentioned above, which allow, alone or asa mixture, the production of a water-soluble unit having at least tworeactive sites, it is possible to use, in combination with thesemonomers A, other monomers B that do not, by themselves, allow theproduction of a water-soluble unit having a reactive site.

Among the monomers B that may be mentioned, alone or as a mixture, arethe monomers below, taken as they are or in the form of the organic orinorganic salts, for example, in the form of sodium, magnesium, ammoniumor triethanolamine salts:

-   -   vinyl monomers of formula (IIb) below:

in which:

-   -   R is chosen from H, —CH₃, —C₂H₅ or —C₃H₇;    -   X is chosen from alkyl oxides of —OR′ type in which R′ is a        linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based        radical containing from 1 to 8 carbons, optionally substituted        with a sulfonic (—SO₃), sulfate (—SO₄), phosphate (—PO₄H₂);        and/or quaternary amine (—N+R₁R₂R₃) group, with R₁, R₂ and R₃        being, independently of each other, a linear or branched,        saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical containing 1        to 25 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon        atoms of R₁+R₂+R₃ does not exceed 27;    -   N-vinyllactams such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylcaprolactam        and N-butyrolactam;    -   vinyl ethers of formula CH₂═CHOR in which R is a linear or        branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based radical        containing from 1 to 25 carbons;    -   water-soluble derivatives of styrene, especially styrene        sulfonate;    -   dimethyldiallylammonium chloride;    -   vinylacetamide.

Among the polycondensates and the natural polymers or modified naturalpolymers that may constitute all or part of the water-soluble units,mention may be made of:

-   -   water-soluble polyurethanes having at least two reactive sites,        especially bearing carboxylic acid functions;    -   xanthan gum, especially the product sold under the names Keltrol        T and Keltrol SF by Kelco; or Rhodigel SM and Rhodigel 200 from        Rhodia;    -   alginates (Kelcosol from Monsanto) and derivatives thereof such        as propylene glycol alginate (Kelcolbid LVF from Kelco);    -   cellulose derivatives and especially carboxymethylcellulose,        hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and quaternized        hydroxyethyl-cellulose;    -   galactomannans and derivatives thereof, such as Konjac gum, guar        gum, hydroxypropylguar, hydroxypropylguar modified with sodium        methylcarboxylate groups, and hydroxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium        guar chloride.

Mention may also be made of polyethylene-imine.

The water-soluble units preferably have a molar mass of between 10 000g/mol and 5 000 000 g/mol when they constitute the water-solublebackbone of a grafted polymer.

These water-soluble units preferably have a molar mass of between 5 000g/mol and 100 000 g/mol when they constitute a block of a multiblockpolymer.

As has been defined above, the water-soluble units bear at least tworeactive sites, capable of reacting with at least one reactive siteborne by the units with an LCST, so as to give a covalent bond.

This reactive site may be chosen especially from alcohol, isocyanate,primary, secondary or tertiary amine, carboxylic acid and halogenfunctions.

In particular, a reactive site of the carboxylic acid type willgenerally react with a reactive site of the alcohol or amine type; anisocyanate site will rather react with an alcohol site, and a halogensite will rather react with an alcohol or amine site.

The expression “units with an LCST” means units whose water solubilityis modified beyond a certain temperature. They are units with aheat-induced demixing temperature (or cloud point) defining their regionof solubility in water. The minimum demixing temperature obtained as afunction of the polymer concentration is referred to as the “LCST”(Lower Critical Solution Temperature). For each polymer concentration,this heat-induced demixing temperature is observed; it is higher thanthe LCST, which is the minimum point of the curve. Below thistemperature, the polymer is soluble in water; above this temperature,the polymer loses its solubility in water.

The expression “soluble in water” means that the units have a solubilityat 20° C. of at least 1 g/l and preferably of at least 2 g/l.

The measurement of the LCST may be performed visually: the temperatureat which the cloud point of the aqueous solution appears is determined;this cloud point is reflected by the opacification of the solution, orthe loss of transparency.

In general, a transparent composition will have a maximum lighttransmittance value, irrespective of the wavelength of between 400 and800 mm, through a sample 1 cm thick, of at least 80% and preferably ofat least 90% (see EP-A-0 291 334).

The transmittance may be measured by placing a sample 1 cm thick in thelight beam of a spectrophotometer working at the wavelengths of thelight spectrum.

The units with an LCST used in the present invention consist of randomcopolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which may berepresented by the formula:(EO)_(m)(PO)_(n)in which m is a number between 0 and 40 inclusive and n is a numberbetween 15 and 60 inclusive.

Preferably, m is between 1 and 20 inclusive and n is between 20 and 50inclusive.

Preferably, the molar mass of the units with an LCST is between 1 500and 5 300 g/mol and especially between 2 000 and 4 000 g/mol.

It is observed that the random distribution of the EO and PO unitsresults in the existence of a lower critical demixing temperature beyondwhich separation of macroscopic phases is observed.

This behavior is different from that of the block EO PO copolymers whichmicellize beyond a so-called micellization critical temperature(aggregation at the microscopic scale).

Needless to say, the units with an LCST also need to bear at least onereactive site capable of reacting with the reactive site borne by thewater-soluble units, so as to form a covalent bond.

As previously, this reactive site may be chosen from alcohol,isocyanate, primary, secondary or tertiary amine, carboxylic acid andhalogen functions.

When the final polymer consists of a water-soluble backbone and graftswith an LCST, the reactive sites are randomly distributed along thewater-soluble backbone and those of the grafts are located on at leastone of the ends of the chains with an LCST.

When the polymer is of multiblock type, the reactive sites are locatedat the ends of the water-soluble units and of the units with an LCST.

The units with an LCST may thus especially be in the form of randomcopolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, aminated, especiallymonoaminated, diaminated or triaminated.

Among the commercially available units with an LCST, mention may be madeof the copolymers sold under the name Jeffamine by Huntsman, andespecially Jeffamine XTJ-507 (M-2005), Jeffamine D-2000 and JeffamineXTJ-509 (or T-3000).

The units with an LCST may also be in the form of polyalkylene glycols,random EO PO copolymers with OH ends, such as those sold under the namespolyglycols P41 and B11 by Clariant.

Among the final polymers that may be used in the context of theinvention, mention may be made in particular of:

-   -   polymers whose backbone consists of:        -   a linear acrylic acid homopolymer;        -   a linear copolymer of acrylic acid and of AMPS, and/or of            acrylamide;        -   a crosslinked homopolymer of polyacrylic acid;        -   a natural derivative such as xanthan gum, alginates,            carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxy-propylguar modified with            sodium methylcarboxylate groups;

or one of their organic or inorganic salts;

-   -   and bearing grafts with an LCST consisting of random copolymers        of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, aminated, especially        monoaminated, diaminated or triaminated.

The proportion by mass of the units with an LCST in the final polymer ispreferably between 5% and 70%, especially between 20% and 65% andparticularly between 30% and 60% by weight relative to the finalpolymer.

Preferably, the heat-induced demixing temperature of LCST type of saidunits with an LCST is between 5° C. and 40° C. and preferably 10° C. and35° C., for a concentration by mass in water of 1% by weight of saidunits with an LCST.

The polymers used in the context of the invention may be readilyprepared by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his generalknowledge.

In particular, when the final polymer is in the form of a graftedpolymer especially containing a water-soluble backbone with graftedunits with an LCST, it is possible to prepare it by grafting the chainswith an LCST having at least one reactive end, especially aminated, onsaid water-soluble polymer forming the backbone, said polymer bearing atleast 10% (on a molar basis) of carboxylic acid groups.

This reaction may be carried out in the presence of a carbodiimide suchas dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, in asolvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or water.

To do this, inspiration may be taken from the preparation methoddescribed in the publication by Hourdet et al., Polymer, Vol. 38, No.10, pp. 2535-2547, 1997.

This publication describes in particular the preparation ofthermoassociative polymers comprising a water-soluble polyacrylic acidbackbone onto which are grafted units with an LCST consisting of randomcopolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. However, the polymersdescribed in this publication are not suitable in the presentapplication because they have certain drawbacks, especially linked tothe low molar mass of the grafts used; in particular, the graft calledPPO has a molar mass of 600.

Indeed, when the molar mass of the grafts is too low, the gellingtemperature of the final polymer does not completely correspond to thedemixing temperature of the grafts with an LCST; a difference may existbetween these two temperatures which may be up to 15 to 20° C.Prediction of the thermogelling properties with a view to industrialapplication then becomes complex.

Moreover, the quantity of units with an LCST to be incorporated into thepolymer in order to have advantageous solution properties involves highgrafting levels when the molar mass of the graft is not very high. Thisrequires in particular the presence of a large proportion of reactivesites on the water-soluble backbone, hence a certain limitation in termsof structure and of synthesis.

Moreover, the combination of the grafts may become more difficult whenthey are smaller in size.

Another possibility for preparing grafted polymers consists incopolymerizing, for example, a macromonomer with an LCST (chain with anLCST described above with a vinyl end) and a water-soluble vinyl monomersuch as acrylic acid or vinyl monomers having formula (IIa) or (IIb).

When the final polymer is in the form of a block polymer, it is possibleto prepare it by coupling between water-soluble units and units with anLCST having complementary reactive sites at each end.

The polymers thus obtained are water-soluble and thermogellable.

They allow the production of thickened, or even gelled, aqueouscompositions that especially have a viscosity which is constant or whichincreases when the temperature increases, and which moreover have goodtransparency.

In the context of the present invention, the expression “transparentsolution or composition” has the standard definition given in thedictionary. Thus, a transparent composition readily allows light to passthrough it and allows objects to be clearly distinguished through itsthickness.

The transmittance may be measured by placing a sample 1 cm thick in thelight beam of a spectrophotometer working in the wavelengths of thelight spectrum.

In particular, the compositions thus prepared may have a maximum lighttransmittance value, irrespective of the wavelength of between 400 and800 nm, through a sample 1 cm thick, of at least 80% and preferably ofat least 85% (see EP-A-0 291 334).

The polymers according to the invention are preferably present in theaqueous compositions in an amount preferably of between 0.01% and 20% byweight, especially from 0.05% to 15% by weight and in particular from0.1% to 10% by weight.

These compositions and the polymers they comprise find a most particularapplication in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Said composition comprises, in addition to the polymer as defined above,an aqueous phase, which may comprise, in addition to water, a floralwater such as cornflower water, a mineral water such as eau de Vittel,eau de Lucas or eau de La Roche Posay and/or a spring water.

The compositions according to the invention may contain an oily phase,for example, in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oilemulsion or multiple emulsions such as water-in-oil-in-water emulsions.

It is possible to add to said aqueous composition the constituentsusually used in the intended type of application. Needless to say, aperson skilled in the art will take care to select these optionaladditional constituents, and/or the amount thereof, such that theadvantageous properties of the composition according to the inventionare not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the envisagedaddition.

Said aqueous composition may form all or part of a cosmetic orpharmaceutical composition which may thus moreover comprise acosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable medium, that is to say amedium that is compatible with use on keratin materials such as theskin, the nails, the hair, the eyelashes, the eyebrows, the mucousmembranes and semi-mucous membranes, and any other area of body orfacial skin.

Said composition thus finds a particular application as a cosmetic,make-up or care composition, which may be applied to the skin, thenails, the hair, the eyelashes, the eyebrows, mucous membranes andsemi-mucous membranes, and any other area of body or facial skin.

The invention is illustrated in greater detail in the examples whichfollow.

EXAMPLE 1

In a 500 ml reactor equipped with a condenser, 3 grams of polyacrylicacid having an average molar mass of 450 000 g/mol (Aldrich) aredissolved in 220 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, with stirring, at 60° C. for12 hours.

4.181 grams of monoaminated random copolymer (EO)₆(PO)₃₉, having a molarmass of 2 600 g/mol, having a cloud point, at a concentration of 1% byweight in water, of 16° C. (Jeffamine M-2005 from Huntsman) aredissolved in 50 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, with stirring, at 20° C., for15 minutes. The solution obtained is added dropwise to the reactionmedium containing polyacrylic acid, with vigorous stirring at 60° C.

2.158 grams of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide are dissolved in 30 ml ofN-methylpyrrolidone, with stirring, at 20° C. for 15 minutes. Thesolution obtained is added dropwise to the reaction medium containingpolyacrylic acid and the monoaminated random copolymer (EO)₆(PO)₃₉, withvigorous stirring at 60° C.

The final mixture is stirred for 12 hours at 60° C.

The mixtures is cooled to 20° C. and then it is placed in a refrigeratorat 4° C. for 24 hours.

The dicyclohexylurea crystals formed are removed by filtration from thereaction medium.

The polymer is then neutralized with 19 g of 35% sodium hydroxide(4-fold excess relative to the number of moles of acrylic acid), whichleads to its precipitation. After leaving to stand for 12 hours, thereaction medium is filtered so as to recover the precipitated polymer.The latter is dried under vacuum at 35° C. for 24 hours.

13.55 grams of solid are recovered, which are dissolved in 2 liters ofdeionized water. This solution is ultrafiltered using a Milliporeultrafiltration system containing a membrane whose cutoff threshold isset at 10 000 Daltons. The solution thus purified is freeze-dried so asto collect the polymer in solid form.

7.05 grams of sodium polyacrylate (450 000 g/mol) grafted with 3.9% (bymole) of monoaminated random copolymer (EO)₆(PO)₃₉ are obtained.

The proportion by mass of the units with an LCST in the final polymer is51%.

The polymer thus obtained has a solubility in water, at 20° C., of atleast 10 g/l.

EXAMPLE 2

In a manner similar to example 1, the following five polymers areprepared, in which the grafts are still a monoaminated random copolymer(EO)₆(PO)₃₉:

Proportion by mass of units with an LCST in the final Grafting levelBackbone polymer (mol %) Example 2a sodium polyacrylate 35%   2% (MW:450 000) Example 2b sodium polyacrylate 58% 5.2% (MW: 750 000) Example2c sodium polyacrylate 51% 3.9% (MW: 750 000) Example 2d sodiumpolyacrylate 59% 5.3% (MW: 450 000) Example 2e Carbomer 51% 3.9%(Carbopol 980 from Goodrich) in sodium salt form

EXAMPLE 3

In a 1 liter reactor equipped with a condenser, 1.51 grams ofpolyacrylic acid having an average molar mass of 750 000 g/mol (Aldrich)are dissolved in 350 ml of deionized water, with stirring, at 20° C. for12 hours. The pH of the reaction medium is then adjusted to 8 using a 1M sodium hydroxide solution.

1.60 grams of monoaminated random copolymer (EO)₆(PO)₃₉ (JeffamineM-2005 from Huntsman) are dissolved in 100 ml of deionized water, withstirring, at 5° C. for 30 minutes. The solution obtained is addeddropwise to the reaction medium, with vigorous stirring.

1.84 grams of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimidehydrochloride are dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water, with stirring,at 20° C. for 15 minutes. The solution obtained is added, with vigorousstirring, dropwise, to the preceding reaction medium which is thenheated at 60° C. for 6 hours.

The reaction medium is cooled to 20° C. and then concentrated andprecipitated in acetone. The polymer, in solid form, is recovered byfiltration and washed with an excess of acetone. The powder is groundand dried under vacuum at 35° C.

3.33 g of sodium polyacrylate (750 000 g/mol) grafted with 3.1% (bymole) of monoaminated random copolymer (EO)₆(PO)₃₉ are obtained (yield94%).

EXAMPLE 4

The polymers according to the invention are compared with the prior artpolymers described in the publication by Hourdet et al., Polymer, vol.38, no. 10, pp. 2535-2547, 1997.

Compounds Tested:

Proportion: units with an LCST in Water- Grafts final Grafting soluble(units with polymer (by level backbone an LCST) weight) (mol %) Example1 sodium monoaminated 51% 3.9%  polyacrylate random MW = 450 000(EO)₆(PO)₃₉; MW = 2 600 Example 2a sodium monoaminated 35%  2%polyacrylate random MW = 450 000 (EO)₆(PO)₃₉; MW = 2 600 Example 2dsodium monoaminated 59% 5.3%  polyacrylate random MW = 450 000(EO)₆(PO)₃₉; MW = 2 600 Comparative 1 sodium monoaminated 30%  7%polyacrylate random MW = 150 000 (EO)₁(PO)₉; MW = 600 Comparative 2sodium monoaminated 55% 21% polyacrylate random MW = 150 000 (EO)₁(PO)₉;MW = 600

There is determined, for each of these compounds, at a givenconcentration in water, the difference between the gelling temperatureTgel of the aqueous polymer solution, and the demixing temperature Tdemof the grafts with an LCST alone.ΔT=Tgel−Tdem

The gelling temperature is determined using rheological curves measuringthe viscosity as a function of the temperature, for the polymer solutionon the one hand and for an aqueous solution of water-soluble backbone ata concentration identical to the concentration of water-soluble units inthe polymer solution.

The gelling temperature is considered to have been reached when thedifference between the viscosity of the polymer solution and theviscosity of the water-soluble backbone solution is greater than 5%. Themethod for measuring the viscosity is given in example 6.

The demixing temperature is determined visually, for a solution ofgrafts with an LCST alone, at a concentration identical to theconcentration of grafts in the polymer solution.

The demixing temperature is considered to have been reached when thesolution becomes white, that is to say is no longer transparent withinthe meaning of the present invention.

Concentration in Polymer water (% by weight) Tgel Tdem ΔT Example 1 2%28 23 5 Example 1 5% 23 19 4 Example 2a 2% 33 27 6 Example 2d 5% 22 19 3Comparative 1 2% 65 49 16 Comparative 1 5% 63 46 17 Comparative 2 2% 3047 13 Comparative 2 5% 53 41 12

Good agreement is therefore observed between the demixing temperature ofthe grafts with an LCST and the properties of the grafted polymer, forthe polymers of the invention; that is not the case for the prior artpolymers.

EXAMPLE 5

The polymers according to the invention are compared with the prior artpolymers described in WO 95/24430.

The absorbance of aqueous solutions comprising these polymers ismeasured, by UV-visible spectroscopy, at a wavelength equal to 500 nm,at a temperature of 35° C. and of 40° C.

The transmittance is deduced therefrom according to the relationship:absorbance=−log transmittance.

The following results are obtained:

Transmittance at 35° C. at 40° C. Comparison 1 at 0.2% by weight 76% 63%in water Comparison 2 at 0.2% by weight 50% 42% in water Polymer ofexample 1 at 5% by 89% 88% weight in water Polymer of example 2a at 2%by 88% 87% weight in water

Comparison 1: Block Copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) andpolyacrylic acid 24/76 (FIG. 1 of WO-95/24430).

Comparison 2: Block Copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) andpolyacrylic acid 43/57 (FIG. 1 of WO-95/24430).

It is thus observed that the polymer according to the invention givescompositions that are markedly more transparent than those of the priorart.

EXAMPLE 6

A thermogellable aqueous gel is prepared, comprising:

polymer of example 1 (dry matter) 5 g sodium chloride 1.17 g water qs100 g.

This composition is prepared by simple introduction of the polymer intosalted water with stirring for 2 hours at 20° C.

The viscosity of the composition is measured, at 20° C. and at 32° C.,using a Haake RS150 rheometer equipped with a cone/plate geometry 3.5cm/2° or 6 cm/2° and a temperature control system. The viscositymeasurements are carried out in the flow mode by imposing a shear rateequal to 10 s⁻¹.

The following results are obtained:

viscosity at 20° C.: 0.015 Pa · s; viscosity at 32° C.:    5 Pa · s.

1. A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for use on keratinmaterials, said composition comprising an aqueous composition comprisinga grafted polymer, said grafted polymer having a backbone comprising (1)water-soluble units and bearing grafts of (2) at least one LCST; whereinsaid (1) water-soluble units comprise at least one monomer A selectedfrom the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, a (meth)acrylic acidorganic salt, a (meth)acrylic acid inorganic salt, and mixtures thereof,wherein said water-soluble units bear at least two grafting sitesforming a covalent bond with said LCST; and wherein said (2) LCSTcomprises one or more LCST units having a lower critical solutiontemperature, a molar mass of between 1,500 and 5,300 g/mol, and at leastone grafting site forming a covalent bond with said water-soluble units,wherein said LCST units comprise random copolymers of ethylene oxide andpropylene oxide, having an ethylene oxide number of from 1 to 40 and apropylene oxide number of from 15 to 60, and salts thereof.
 2. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafted polymer iscrosslinked.
 3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein thewater-soluble units present in the backbone of the grafted polymer havea molar mass of between 10,000 g/mol and 5,000,000 g/mol.
 4. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LCST units compriserandom copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide of formula(EO)_(m)(PO)_(n) in which m is a number of from 1 to 20 and n is anumber of from 20 to
 50. 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1,wherein the molar mass of the LCST units is between 2,000 and 4,000g/mol.
 6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LCST unitsare aminated.
 7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LCSTunits are monoaminated, diaminated or triaminated.
 8. The composition asclaimed in claim 1, wherein the proportion by mass of the LCST units isbetween 5% and 70% by weight relative to the grafted polymer.
 9. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proportion by mass of theLCST units is between 20% and 65% by weight relative to the graftedpolymer.
 10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein theproportion by mass of the LCST units is between 30% and 60% by weightrelative to the grafted polymer.
 11. The composition as claimed in claim1, wherein the lower critical solution temperature is between 5° C. and40° C. for a concentration by mass in water of 1% by weight of said LCSTunits.
 12. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lowercritical solution temperature is between 10° C. and 35° C. for aconcentration by mass in water of 1% by weight of said LCST units. 13.The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafted polymer has asolubility in water, at 20° C., of at least 10 g/l.
 14. The compositionas claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafted polymer has a solubility inwater at 20° C. of at least 20 g/l.
 15. The composition as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the aqueous composition has a maximum lighttransmittance value between 400 and 800 nm, through a sample 1 cm thick,of at least 80%.
 16. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein theaqueous composition has a maximum light transmittance value between 400and 800 nm through a sample 1 cm thick of at least 85%.
 17. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aqueous compositioncomprises an aqueous phase.
 18. The composition as claimed in claim 17,wherein the at least one grafted polymer is present in an amount ofbetween 0.01% and 20% by weight of the aqueous composition.
 19. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 17, further comprising a cosmetically orpharmaceutically acceptable medium.
 20. A transparent cosmeticcomposition comprising the composition of claim
 17. 21. The compositionas claimed in claim 17, wherein the aqueous phase comprises floralwater, cornflower water, mineral water and/or spring water.
 22. Thecomposition as claimed in claim 17, wherein the aqueous compositionfurther comprises an oily phase, yielding an emulsion.